Toad

Toad is a common name for a group of tailless amphibians, especially those in the family Bufonidae, within the order Anura.

Toad is a common name for a group of tailless amphibians, especially those in the family Bufonidae, within the order Anura. In general usage, the term refers to short-legged, stout-bodied amphibians with rough, dry, warty skin, though the name is applied unevenly across related species. Toads are found in many parts of the world and are often associated with life on land more than in water.

Definition and classification

Toad is a common name for certain tailless amphibians, especially true toads in the family Bufonidae. The term is used unevenly and can also apply to other terrestrial or warty-skinned anurans.

Physical characteristics

Toads are usually described as stout, short-legged amphibians with dry, rough, or warty skin. They are often distinguished from frogs by their more terrestrial build and less webbed feet.

Behaviour and habitat

Toads are generally more terrestrial than frogs and are often active at night. They typically live in moist ground habitats and return to water to reproduce.

Life cycle and diet

Toads lay eggs in water, which hatch into tadpoles before undergoing metamorphosis. Adults commonly eat insects and worms, though some larger species take larger prey.

Defence and toxicity

Many toads have glandular skin features, including parotoid glands, that release defensive chemicals. These secretions can deter predators and may be harmful to small animals or irritating to humans.